來自哈佛全獎學霸：升格Assignment的五大要點

 

All assignments, from ungraded formative response papers all the way up to a capstone assignment, should include the following components to ensure that students and teachers understand not only the learning objective of the assignment, but also the discrete steps which they will need to follow in order to complete it successfully.
所有essay,從普通的隨堂小dissertation一直到長篇畢業dissertation，都應包括以下要素。這些要點們不僅可以保證老師和學生理解的該Assignment題目所涉想達到的目標任務,而且使用分步解析,確保Assignment的成功完成。
Preamble. This situates the assignment within the context of the course, reminding students of what they have been working on in anticipation of the assignment and how that work has prepared them to succeed at it. 
第一大點，序言。關注dissertation的題目，其置于課程的背景下，提醒學生他們在dissertation準備中需要做哪些工作，以及這些工作會如何為dissertation的成功鋪墊下基礎。
 

 

Justification and Purpose. This explains why the particular type or genre of assignment you’ve chosen (e.g., lab report, policy memo, problem set, or personal reflection) is the best way for you and your students to measure how well they’ve met the learning objectives associated with this segment of the course.
第二大點，理由和目的。學生們可以通過思考分析essay的特定類型(例如，實驗報告、政策備忘錄、問題集或個人反思等)來衡量他們達到課程這一部分相關學習目標的最佳方式。
Mission. This explains the assignment in broad brush strokes, giving students a general sense of the project, you are setting before them. It often gives students guidance on the evidence or data they should be working with, as well as helping them imagine the audience their work should be aimed at.  
第三點，使命。這是對essay的大致解釋，讓學生對布置在他們面前的項目有一個大致的了解。它經常為學生提供關于他們應該使用的證據或數據的指導，以及幫助他們想象他們的作品應該針對的讀者。#p#分頁標題#e#
 

 

Tasks. This outlines what students are supposed to do at a more granular level: for example, how to start, where to look, how to ask for help, etc. If written well, this part of the assignment prompt ought to function as a kind of "process" rubric for students, helping them to decide for themselves whether they are completing the assignment successfully.
第四點，任務。學生們應該將Assignment的寫作看作一項任務并正確理解，而一份寫作大綱會大大有益。通過準備寫作大綱，學生們可以在更細致的層面上理解應該做的事情，例如，如何開始，從哪里看，如何尋求幫助，等等。
Submission format. This tells students, in appropriate detail, which stylistic conventions they should observe and how to submit their work. For example, should the assignment be a five-page paper written in APA format and saved as a .docx file? Should it be uploaded to the course website? Is it due by Tuesday at 5:00pm?
第五點，提交格式。學生們必須注意適當的細節，并遵守相應的風格慣例。例如，essay應該是一篇五頁的APA格式的dissertation，并保存為.docx文件嗎?是否應該上傳到課程網站上?